病院・クリニックの倒産、過去20年間で2番目の高水準に　中堅病院の倒産が増加

2025年10月28日 07時00分 公開

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　東京商工リサーチがまとめた2025年1～9月の「病院・クリニック」の倒産状況によると、倒産件数は27件に達し、過去20年間で2番目に多い水準となった。このペースで推移すれば、2009年の42件以来、16年ぶりに年間40件を超える可能性があるという。

東京商工リサーチは、2025年1～9月の「病院・クリニック」の倒産状況を調査した（出所：photoAC）

リーマン・ショック後以来の高水準に

　過去20年間で最多の倒産件数だったのは、リーマン・ショック後の2009年で36件（前年同期比100.0％増）だった。コロナ禍の2020年は資金繰り支援策により11件（同56.0％減）と大幅に減少。その後も10件台で推移していたが、2024年は27件（同68.7％増）と前年同期の約1.7倍に急増した。2025年も同様に27件と高水準で推移している。

病院・クリニックの倒産　年次推移（出所：プレスリリース）

中堅病院の苦境が顕著に

　原因別では、「販売不振」が16件（前年同期比23.0％増）で最多。「既往のシワ寄せ」が5件（同37.5％減）、「他社倒産の余波」が3件（同25.0％減）と続いた。

　地域医療を担う中堅規模の倒産が目立ち、「クリニック」は18件（同14.2％減）と前年同期を下回ったものの、ベッド数20床以上の「病院」は9件（同50.0％増）と前年同期の1.5倍に増加。過去20年間では2010年（11件）に次ぐ4番目の多さとなった。

大型倒産や雇用への影響も

　負債額別では、医療法人福慈会（三重県名張市）の負債66億円を含む「10億円以上」が5件（前年同期2件）、「5億円以上10億円未満」が3件（同2件）と、大型倒産が増加。従業員数別では、前年同期にはなかった「従業員300人以上」が2件、「50人以上300人未満」が8件（同4件）と中堅規模の医療機関での倒産が増え、地域の中核となる病院が相次いで苦境に陥っている。

（出所：photoAC）

　東京商工リサーチは、「総務省が9月30日に発表した令和6年度地方公営企業等決算によると、自治体が運営する公立病院の約8割が赤字だった」と指摘。

　そのうえで「医療機関は、理事長や院長の高齢化、医師や看護師の不足、医療設備の老朽化など課題が山積している。さらに人件費や電気代、備品・消耗品などの物価上昇が経営を圧迫している」と分析した。

　「医療業務のコストと診療報酬のバランスが崩れ、採算が悪化する医療機関は少なくない。医療の空白地帯が増えることも現実味を帯びており、診療報酬の見直しやM＆Aなど、医療機関の存続に向けた取り組みが急がれる」と警鐘を鳴らしている。

　本調査は、日本標準産業分類の「病院」「一般診療所」から、負債1000万円以上の倒産を集計・分析したもの（歯科医院を除く）。

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Hospital and Clinic Bankruptcies Hit Second-Highest Level in the Past 20 Years; Mid-Sized Hospital Bankruptcies Increase
Published October 28, 2025, 7:00 AM

 

According to Tokyo Shoko Research's report on hospital and clinic bankruptcies from January to September 2025, the number of bankruptcies reached 27, the second-highest level in the past 20 years. If this pace continues, the number of bankruptcies could exceed 40 per year for the first time in 16 years, since 2009, when there were 42.

Tokyo Shoko Research conducted a survey on hospital and clinic bankruptcies from January to September 2025 (Source: photoAC)

Highest Level Since the Lehman Shock
The highest number of bankruptcies in the past 20 years was 36 in 2009, following the Lehman Shock (a 100.0% increase from the same period the previous year). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of bankruptcies in 2020 fell sharply to 11 (down 56.0% year-on-year) thanks to financial support measures. The number remained in the 10s thereafter, but in 2024 it rose sharply to 27 (up 68.7% year-on-year), approximately 1.7 times the number from the same period last year. 2025 is also expected to remain at a high level of 27.

Hospital and Clinic Bankruptcies: Annual Trends (Source: Press Release)

Mid-Sized Hospitals Face Significant Difficulties
By cause, "poor sales" accounted for the most with 16 cases (up 23.0% year-on-year). This was followed by "past burden" with 5 cases (down 37.5% year-on-year) and "aftermath of the bankruptcy of another company" with 3 cases (down 25.0% year-on-year).

Bankruptcies of mid-sized medical institutions responsible for regional medical care were prominent. While the number of "clinics" fell to 18 (down 14.2% year-on-year), the number of "hospitals" with 20 or more beds increased to 9 (up 50.0% year-on-year), 1.5 times the number of cases compared to the same period last year. This is the fourth-highest number in the past 20 years, following 2010 (11 cases).

Large-scale bankruptcies and the impact on employment:
By amount of debt, there were five cases of "1 billion yen or more" (2 in the same period last year), including 6.6 billion yen in debt at Fukujikai Medical Corporation (Nabari City, Mie Prefecture), and three cases of "500 million to less than 1 billion yen" (2 in the same period last year). By number of employees, there were two cases of "300 or more employees" that were not present in the same period last year, and eight cases of "50 to less than 300 employees" (4 in the same period last year), showing an increase in bankruptcies among mid-sized medical institutions. These hospitals, which are core to local communities, are falling into distress one after another.

(Source: photoAC)

Tokyo Shoko Research points out that "according to the fiscal year 2024 financial statements of local public enterprises and other entities released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications on September 30, approximately 80% of public hospitals operated by local governments were in the red."

The report goes on to analyze that "medical institutions face a myriad of challenges, including aging presidents and directors, a shortage of doctors and nurses, and aging medical equipment. Furthermore, rising prices for labor, electricity, supplies, and consumables are putting pressure on management."

The report warns that "the balance between medical service costs and medical fees is out of whack, and many medical institutions are experiencing declining profitability. The possibility of increasing gaps in medical services is becoming a reality, and urgent efforts are needed to ensure the survival of medical institutions, including medical fee revisions and M&A."

This survey compiles and analyzes bankruptcies with debts of 10 million yen or more from "hospitals" and "general clinics" under the Japan Standard Industrial Classification (excluding dental clinics).

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